Bioelectrical Impedance in Premature Newborns and Its Relationship with Diet Therapy in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.

(1) Background: To estimate resistance, reactance, and phase angle values among moderate preterm infants and their variation according to neonatal and maternal characteristics and nutritional intake. (2) Methods: This was a cohort that evaluated 43 moderate preterm infants using bioelectrical impedance analysis. The study variables included resistance, reactance, and phase angle measurements, in addition to classification of nutritional intake. (3) Results: Mean resistance was 602.0 ± 118.2 Ω, reactance was 57.2 Ω (IQR = 42.6-65.2), and phase angle was 522° (IQR = 4.1-6.6). Lower resistance values were found in the presence of risky pregnancy (532.2 ± 111.9 Ω vs. 650.9 ± 97.9 Ω, p < 0.001) and lower reactance values, in the presence of harmful maternal lifestyle habits at both the first (p = 0.01) and second assessments (p = 0.01). Eight preterm infants were considered to have insufficient nutritional intake (23.5%); 17, sufficient (50.0%) and 9, partially sufficient (26.5%). There was less reactance among preterm infants with insufficient nutritional intake (p < 0.001). (4) Conclusions: The bioelectrical impedance analysis measurements were within the range of values reported in other studies. There was an association between full diet and adequate nutritional intake with higher resistance values, while a lower reactance value was associated with the presence of risky pregnancy and harmful maternal lifestyle.

Application of bioelectrical impedance in newborns: an integrative review.

Introduction: Objective: the objective of this study was to identify the use of bioelectrical impedance in newborns (NB), as this is an easy-to-apply and non-invasive method of measurement that can be used for distinguishing fat-free mass (FFM), fat mass (FM), and total body water (TBW). Method: this was an integrative review of the literature using the PUBMED/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Virtual Health Library databases to search for original articles between 2010-2020. A total of 900 articles were retrieved; after checking for duplicity and applying the eligibility criteria, 9 were further analyzed. Results: about the results, five studies used single frequency bioimpedance, with a specific population of neonates, preterm and/or full term, and different clinical conditions. Resistance was the most studied bioelectric indicator, the phase angle is little explored, and four studies investigated body composition (FFM, FM and TBW). Studies found that preterm newborns had lower amounts of TBW, FFM, and FM than term newborns, and there were differences in body composition between sex. The phase angle was lower for preterm newborns. Babies fed babies with high protein formulas had increases in the FFM. Conclusion: there is a need for multicenter studies to define standardized methods to be used with this public.

Introducción: Objetivo: el objetivo de este estudio fue identificar el uso de la impedancia bioeléctrica en recién nacidos (NB), ya que ese método es de fácil medición y no invasivo para la distinción de masa libre de grasa (MLG), masa grasa (MG)y agua corporal total. Método: esta fue una revisión integradora de la literatura utilizando PUBMED/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science y Virtual Health Library para la búsqueda de artículos originales (2010-2020). En total, se encontraron 900 artículos, aunque tras la verificación de duplicidad y aplicación de los criterios de elegibilidad, solo 9 fueron para análisis. Resultados: cinco estudios utilizaron el dispositivo de monofrecuencia. Cada investigación se aplicó en una población específica de neonatos, prematuros y/o a término y diferentes condiciones clínicas. La resistencia fue el indicador bioeléctrico más estudiado, el ángulo de fase fue poco explorado y cuatro estudios investigaron la composición corporal. Dos estudios encontraron que los recién nacidos prematuros tienen menos cantidades de ACT, MLG y MG que los RNT y se observó diferencia en la composición corporal entre los sexos. El ángulo de fase fue inferior en prematuros. Los lactantes que se alimentaron con una fórmula con mayor contenido proteico tenían una mayor cantidad de MLG. Conclusión: se observa la necesidad de estudios multicéntricos para definir métodos estandarizados para ser utilizados con este público.

Time trends of hypertension and diabetes mellitus prevalence among adults registered in the Brazilian National Health System, in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina State, Brazil, 2004-2011. / Tendência temporal da prevalência de hipertensão arterial sistêmica e diabetes mellitus entre adultos cadastrados no Sistema Único de Saúde em Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 2004-2011.

OBJECTIVE: to investigate the time trend of prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and both diseases combined, from 2004 to 2011; and to analyze their association with sociodemographic factors in adults registered in the Brazilian National Health System (SUS) in Florianópolis-SC, Brazil, in 2011. METHODS: time-series study using secondary data from the Primary Health Care Information System of adults (≥20 years) at SUS; Prais-Winsten regression was used. RESULTS: from 2004 to 2011, prevalences of hypertension (7 to 13.5%), diabetes (2.2 to 4.2%) and both diseases combined (1.2 to 2.9%) increased; after adjustment, the occurrence of the diseases was higher among women (except for the association of hypertension with diabetes), the elderly, less educated and residents in the Mainland and South sanitary districts. CONCLUSION: the occurrence of the investigated diseases doubled from 2004 to 2011. However, the prevalences found are below the ones described in the Brazilian scientific literature.

Tendência temporal da prevalência de hipertensão arterial sistêmica e diabetes mellitus entre adultos cadastrados no Sistema Único de Saúde em Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 2004-2011 / Tendencias temporales (2004-2011) de las prevalencias de hipertensión y diabetes mellitus en adultos registrados en el Sistema Único de Salud, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil, 2004-2011 / Time trends of hypertension and diabetes mellitus prevalence among adults registered in the Brazilian National Health System, in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina State, Brazil, 2004-2011

OBJETIVO: investigar a tendência temporal da prevalência de hipertensão, diabetes mellitus e ambas doenças combinadas, entre 2004 e 2011, e analisar sua associação com fatores sociodemográficos em adultos cadastrados no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) em Florianópolis-SC, Brasil, em 2011. MÉTODOS: estudo de série temporal, com dados do Cadastramento Familiar obtidos do Sistema de Informação da Atenção Básica (SIAB) de adultos (≥20 anos de idade) no SUS; empregou-se regressão de Prais-Winsten. RESULTADOS: no período 2004-2011, aumentaram as prevalências de hipertensão (de 7 para 13,5%), diabetes (de 2,2 para 4,2%) e dessas doenças combinadas (de 1,2 para 2,9%); após ajuste, a ocorrência das doenças foi maior entre mulheres (com exceção da associação da hipertensão com diabetes), idosos, menos escolarizados e residentes nos distritos sanitários Continente e Sul. CONCLUSÃO: a ocorrência das doenças investigadas duplicou entre 2004 e 2011; entretanto, as prevalências encontradas estão abaixo das descritas na literatura científica no Brasil.

OBJETIVO: determinar la tendencia de la prevalencia de hipertensión, diabetes e de esas enfermedades combinadas (2004-2011); y analizar su asociación con factores sociodemográficos en adultos inscritos en el Sistema Único de Salud (SUS) en Florianópolis-SC, Brasil, en 2011. MÉTODOS: estudio de series temporales utilizando datos secundarios del Registro Familiar, obtenidos del Sistema de Información de Atención Primaria (SIAB) de los adultos en el SUS. RESULTADOS: en el período 2004-2011, hubo un aumento de la prevalencia de hipertensión (7 al 13,5%), diabetes (2,2 a 4,2%) y ambas enfermedades combinadas (1,2 para 2,9%); después del ajuste, la aparición de los problemas fueron mayores entre mujeres (con la excepción de la hipertensión asociada con diabetes) ancianos, menos educados y residentes en continentales y del Sur. CONCLUSIÓN: la aparición de las enfermedades investigadas se duplicó entre 2004-2011; sin embargo, las tasas de prevalencia están por debajo de las descritas en la literatura científica en Brasil.

OBJECTIVE: to investigate the time trend of prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and both diseases combined, from 2004 to 2011; and to analyze their association with sociodemographic factors in adults registered in the Brazilian National Health System (SUS) in Florianópolis-SC, Brazil, in 2011. METHODS: time-series study using secondary data from the Primary Health Care Information System of adults (≥20 years) at SUS; Prais-Winsten regression was used. RESULTS: from 2004 to 2011, prevalences of hypertension (7 to 13.5%), diabetes (2.2 to 4.2%) and both diseases combined (1.2 to 2.9%) increased; after adjustment, the occurrence of the diseases was higher among women (except for the association of hypertension with diabetes), the elderly, less educated and residents in the Mainland and South sanitary districts. CONCLUSION: the occurrence of the investigated diseases doubled from 2004 to 2011. However, the prevalences found are below the ones described in the Brazilian scientific literature.